Survey of smart parking systems

The large number of vehicles constantly seeking access to congested areas in cities means that finding a public parking place is often difficult and causes problems for drivers and citizens alike. In this context, strategies that guide vehicles from one point to another, looking for the most optimal path, are needed. Most contributions in the literature are routing strategies that take into account different criteria to select the optimal route required to find a parking space. This paper aims to identify the types of smart parking systems (SPS) that are available today, as well as investigate the kinds of vehicle detection techniques (VDT) they have and the algorithms or other methods they employ, in order to analyze where the development of these systems is at today. To do this, a survey of 274 publications from January 2012 to December 2019 was conducted. The survey considered four principal features: SPS types reported in the literature, the kinds of VDT used in these SPS, the algorithms or methods they implement, and the stage of development at which they are. Based on a search and extraction of results methodology, this work was able to effectively obtain the current state of the research area. In addition, the exhaustive study of the studies analyzed allowed for a discussion to be established concerning the main difficulties, as well as the gaps and open problems detected for the SPS. The results shown in this study may provide a base for future research on the subject.Fil: Diaz Ogás, Mathias Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Fabregat Gesa, Ramon. Universidad de Girona; EspañaFil: Aciar, Silvana Vanesa. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; Argentin

Adaptive integral assessment package for the A2UN@ project

This paper presents a first approach of Evaluation Engine Architecture (EEA) as proposal to support adaptive integral assessment, in the context of a virtual learning environment. The goal of our research is design an evaluation engine tool to assist in the whole assessment process within the A2UN@ project, linking that tool with the other key elements of a learning design (learning task, learning resources and learning support). The teachers would define the relation between knowledge, competencies, activities, resources and type of assessment. Providing this relation is possible obtain more accurate estimations of student's knowledge for adaptive evaluations and future recommendations. The process is supported by usage of educational standards and specifications and for an integral user modellin

Semantic expansion of queries for web search (MSEC)

Internet has become the largest repository of human knowledge, and the amount of stored information increases day by day. This increase of information affects the levels of precision reported by Web search engines regarding  documents retrieved for the user. One strategy being used to address this problem is a focus on a personalized resource recovery. Several projects currently offer semantic methods for improving the relevance of search results  through the use of ontologies, natural language processing, knowledge based systems, query specification languages, and user profile, among others. Results are generally better than for web search engines that do not use these  techniques. However, the high cost of these improvements in precision relate to use of more complex algorithms in carrying out the search and which are more wasteful of computational resources. This article describes a semantic  query expansion model called MSEC, which is based mostly on the concept of semantic similarity, starting from domain ontologies and on the use of user profile in order to customize user searches so to improve their precision. In order to evaluate the proposed model, a software prototype was created. Preliminary experimental results show an improvement compared to the traditional web search approach. Finally the model was compared against the best  state of the art semantic search engine, called GoPubMed, for the MEDLINE collection. Internet se ha convertido en el mayor repositorio de conocimiento humano y la cantidad de información almacenada crece cada día más. Esto último repercute en el bajo nivel de precisión que reportan los sistemas de búsqueda Web respecto a los documentos que son recuperados para el usuario. Para enfrentar este problema, una de las estrategias utilizadas  es  la  recuperación  personalizada  de  recursos. Actualmente  existen  varios  proyectos  que  proponen  métodos semánticos para aumentar la relevancia de las búsquedas, a través del uso de ontologías, procesamiento de lenguaje natural, sistemas basados en conocimiento, lenguajes de especificación de consultas y perfil de usuario, entre otras. Los resultados generalmente son mejores que los obtenidos por  buscadores que no usan éstas técnicas.  Sin embargo, el costo que se paga por estas mejoras en precisión se centra en el uso de algoritmos más complejos en implementación y que consumen más recursos computacionales.  Este artículo describe un modelo semántico de expansión de consultas denominado MSEC, el cual está basado principalmente en el concepto de similitud semántica a partir de Ontologías de dominio y en el uso del perfil de usuario para personalizar las búsquedas y así mejorar la precisión de las mismas. Para evaluar el modelo propuesto se creó un prototipo software. Los resultados experimentales preliminares muestran una mejora respecto al enfoque tradicional de búsqueda. Finalmente se comparó con el mejor buscador semántico del estado del arte, llamado GoPubMed para la colección MEDLINE

Congestion probability routing in virtual path ATM network

This dissertation focuses on the problem of providing mechanisms for routing point to point and multipoint connections in ATM networks. In general the notion of multipoint connection refers to connections that involve a group of users with more than two members. The main objective of this dissertation is to contribute to design efficient routing protocols with alterative routes in fully connected VP-based ATM Networks for call establishment of point to point and multipoint VC connections. An efficient route should be computed during this connection establishment phase

Red Global para un aprendizaje inclusivo: experiencias de formación

Presentació a càrrec de Ramon Fabregat i Teodor Jové, professors de la Universitat de Girona, sobre la implementació del disseny universal per a l'aprenentatge en la formació dels professor

Multi-Objective Multicast Routing based on Ant Colony Optimization

This work presents a new multiobjective algorithm based on ant colonies, which is used in the construction of the multicast tree for data transmission in a computer network. The proposed algorithm simultaneously optimizes cost of the multicast tree, average delay and maximum end-to-end delay. In this way, a set of optimal solutions, know as Pareto set, is calculated in only one run of the algorithm, without a priori restrictions. The proposed algorithm was inspired in a Multi-objective Ant Colony System (MOACS). Experimental results prove the proposed algorithm outperforms a recently published Multiobjective Multicast Algorithm (MMA), specially designed for solving the multicast routing proble

Multicast extension of unicast charging for QoS Services

In order to successfully deploy multicast services in QoS-aware networks, pricing architectures must take into account the particular characteristics of multicast sessions. With this objective, we propose a charging scheme for QoS multicast services, assuming that the unicast cost of each interconnecting link is determined and that such cost is expressed in terms of quality of service (QoS) parameters. Our scheme allows determining the cost distribution of a multicast session along a cost distribution tree (CDT), and basing such distribution in those pre-existing unicast cost functions. The paper discusses in detail the main characteristics of the problem in a realistic interdomain scenario and how the proposed scheme would contribute to its solutio

Multicast Extension of Unicast Charging for QoS Services

In order to successfully deploy multicast services in QoS-aware networks, pricing architectures must take into account the particular characteristics of multicast sessions. With this objective, we propose a charging scheme for QoS multicast services, assuming that the unicast cost of each interconnecting link is determined and that such cost is expressed in terms of quality of service (QoS) parameters. Our scheme allows determining the cost distribution of a multicast session along a cost distribution tree (CDT), and basing such distribution in those pre-existing unicast cost functions. The paper discusses in detail the main characteristics of the problem in a realistic interdomain scenario and how the proposed scheme would contribute to its solutio

A quality-based cost distribution charging scheme for QoS multicast networks

This paper presents a new charging scheme for cost distribution along a point-to-multipoint connection when destination nodes are responsible for the cost. The scheme focus on QoS considerations and a complete range of choices is presented. These choices go from a safe scheme for the network operator to a fair scheme to the customer. The in-between cases are also covered. Specific and general problems, like the incidence of users disconnecting dynamically is also discussed. The aim of this scheme is to encourage the users to disperse the resource demand instead of having a large number of direct connections to the source of the data, which would result in a higher than necessary bandwidth use from the source. This would benefit the overall performance of the network. The implementation of this task must balance between the necessity to offer a competitive service and the risk of not recovering such service cost for the network operator. Throughout this paper reference to multicast charging is made without making any reference to any specific category of service. The proposed scheme is also evaluated with the criteria set proposed in the European ATM charging project CANCA

Augmented Reality Game-Based Learning for Mathematics Skills Training in Inclusive Contexts = Augmented Reality Game-Based Learning for Mathematics Skills Training in Inclusive Contexts

Augmented Reality (AR) and Digital Game Based Learning (DGBL) are two tendencies being applied broadly in education around the globe. However, the implications on a simultaneous application of them to inclusive learning have yet to be observed. We designed an inclusive AR-enriched videogame for Logical Math Skills Learning. We tested the game with a set of 20 students with diverse learning needs. Our experiment showed that the performance on the game is similar for kids with different needs. The results and feedback from teaching staff suggest that AR and DGBL allow the integration of children with special needs into the learning processLa Realidad Aumentada (RA) y el Aprendizaje Basado en Juegos Digitales (DGBL) son dos tendencias que están siendo aplicadas a la educación alrededor del mundo. Sin embargo, las implicaciones relacionadas con la aplicación de ambas tendencias simultáneamente al aprendizaje inclusivo es aún algo por observar. Hemos diseñado un videojuego inclusivo con RA para el aprendizaje de Habilidades de Lógica Matemática. Probamos el juego con un conjunto de 20 estudiantes con diversas necesidades de aprendizaje. Nuestro experimento mostró que el desempeño durante el juego es similar para niños con distintas necesidades. Los resultados y la realimentación por parte del personal docente nos sugieren que la RA y el DGBL permiten la integración de niños con necesidades especiales en el proceso formativoWe would like to thank the staff and students at the special needs school “Niño Jesús de Praga”. Thanks to Dr. Ferrán Viñas for his input into the project. This project was part of the ARreLS (TIN2011-23930) funded by the Spanish Economy and Competitiveness Ministry. This is part of the Catalonian funding expedient coded 2014 SGR 1469. The first author thanks Colombian Ministry of ICT and COLCIENCIAS for funding his studie